I, ergo, utilized stratified habits to spell it out the partnership ranging from time and you may Na by obesity position (Profile step 3)

Basic, the newest hill of matchmaking BP having Na intake varied of seniorpeoplemeet hesap silme the time intake, indicating one Na thickness may reflect the connection having BP best than just sheer Na consumption really does

There was a significant 3-way interaction between Na intake, energy, and obesity status for SBP (P=0.033); for DBP, the 3-way interaction was not significant, but there was a significant interaction between energy intake and obesity (P=0.005). In stratified models, the association of Na with SBP was stronger at lower energy intake (higher Na density) than at higher energy intake (lower Na density) in both nonobese (interaction of Na with energy; P<0.001) and obese (interaction of Na with energy; P=0.028); the association of Na and DBP by energy intakes was similar (interaction of Na with energy, P=0.005 nonobese; P=0.049 obese). On the control diet at 2300 mg Na intake in the nonobese, SBP was 4.7 mm Hg (95% CI, 1.0, 8.5) higher at 2100 kcal compared with 3200 kcal (Figure 3A), and DBP was 3.1 mm Hg (95% CI, 0.7, 5.5) higher (Figure 3C). In obese at 2300 mg Na intake on the control diet, there were no differences in SBP (0.6 mm Hg; 95% CI, ?3.8 to 4.9; Figure 3B) or DBP (1.8 mm Hg; 95% CI, ?1.0 to 4.5; Figure 3D) between 2100 and 3200 kcal. On the DASH diet at 2300 mg Na, there were no significant differences in SBP at 2100 versus 3200 kcal regardless of obesity status (2.5 mm Hg; 95% CI, ?1.0 to 6.0 for nonobese and ?1.3 mm Hg; 95% CI, ?6.0 to 3.4 for obese). On the DASH diet at 2300 mg Na, DBP was higher at 2100 versus 3200 kcal in the nonobese (2.1 mm Hg; 95% CI, 0.1–4.4), but not in the obese (?0.3 mm Hg (95% CI, ?3.2 to 2.6).

Figure 3. Interaction of absolute Na intake and energy intake on blood pressure at 3 energy levels stratified by obesity status, indicating 3 levels of Na density (L, I, and H), among normal and overweight (body mass index [BMI] <30 kg/m 2 , A and C) and obese (BMI?30 kg/m 2 , B and D) participants on the control diet. The vertical line is drawn at 2300 mg absolute Na intake. Error bars represent ±1 SE. Results from mixed-effects models of continuous Na and energy, adjusted for age, sex, race, smoking, cohort, diet type (DASH [Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension] or control), clinical center, and carryover effects stratified by obesity status. DBP indicates diastolic blood pressure; and SBP, systolic blood pressure.

Conversation

Which investigation is presented to decide whether the relationships between Na and you can BP varies that have times intake. Multiple key results emerged. 2nd, because the before said, the result from Na prevention is actually attenuated from the mode off the brand new Dashboard diet compared with new handle diet plan, indicating one aspects of eating plan including determine the BP reaction to changes in Na intake. 5,a dozen,13 And attenuating new BP reaction to Na, new Dash diet plan along with paid off BP, in line with evidence you to regions of eating plan, also a greater intake out of potassium, individually down BP. 14 3rd, brand new organization regarding Na having times intake with the BP persisted when brand new analyses was basically stratified by the race, apart from DBP certainly whites. Next, which have stratification by carrying excess fat condition, big variations in BP by energy intake was basically observed one particular have been nonobese in contrast to fat.

Whilst Dashboard–Na studies regulated Na thickness, rather than sheer Na consumption, the original results of it demo had been translated when it comes to Na consumption in the place of Na occurrence. The deficiency of revealing results because of the Na thickness can get reflect new absence of study to the energy consumption in many studies. Analysis of your matchmaking of Na occurrence which have death inside observational studies have offered combined show. The investigation off Na occurrence that have death throughout the NHANES II follow-right up studies (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) and you can off NHANES III suggested an enthusiastic inverse connection away from Na and heart disease mortality, even if provided Na with regards to time intake. fifteen,sixteen Within these degree, yet not, Na and energy intake was basically projected on one 24-hour recall, that isn’t sufficient to guess an individual’s typical dieting consumption due to highest go out-to-time version in both Na consumption and energy intake in addition to their proportion. Then, energy consumption is actually implausibly reduced in each other knowledge. It’s possible that noticed relationship between Na intake and you can heart problems death are informed me by the lower than-reporting prejudice, that’s, if heavy people report straight down Na density and are apt to be to pass away off cardiovascular illnesses, the fresh noticed matchmaking could possibly get mirror the fresh feeling regarding obesity rather than diet. The most recent facts of a prospective cohort research (n=716, 19-year follow-up) aligns to your result of the present day study, having stated occurrence of aerobic occurrences two times as highest one of those on the higher as opposed to lower quartile away from Na occurrence (22% rather than eleven%, respectively; P=0.005) predicated on seven-day food facts obtained in the baseline. 17